Lesson 6 · Compound Vowels Part 1 — Cami Learns Korean
Month 1 · Week 2 · Lesson 6 of 140

Compound Vowels
Part 1: 애 에 외 위 의

Week 2 begins. These five vowels are made by combining two basic vowels — once you see the logic, they stick immediately.

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Lesson Objectives

  • Understand how two basic vowels combine to make a compound vowel
  • Learn the sounds of 애 에 외 위 의 and how they're written
  • Distinguish between similar-sounding pairs — especially 애 vs 에
  • Build syllables using today's compound vowels with consonants you already know
  • Read 10 real Korean words containing today's vowels
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Quick recall — your 10 basic vowels

Before adding compound vowels, confirm you can read these instantly: 아 야 어 여 오 요 우 유 으 이. Today's vowels are built from these — knowing the base makes the compounds obvious.

Two vowels, one sound

Korean has 10 basic vowels — you learned them all in Week 1. But it also has 11 compound vowels, each formed by combining two basics. They look more complex on the page, but the logic is simple: the new shape is just the two component shapes merged together.

The pattern: 아 + 이 = 애  ·  어 + 이 = 에  ·  오 + 이 = 외  ·  우 + 이 = 위  ·  으 + 이 = 의
In each case, a basic vowel picks up an 이 (i) and the two shapes merge into one character.

Don't worry about remembering the formula — just focus on recognising and sounding out the five characters. The combinations will feel natural after a few days of exposure.

💡 Week 2 overview This lesson covers 5 compound vowels. Lesson 7 covers the remaining 4 (와 워 왜 웨). After that, Lesson 8 tackles final consonants (받침) and Lesson 9 covers pronunciation rules. By Lesson 10 you will be able to read virtually any Korean word — even ones you've never studied.

애 에 외 위 의 — Click to Learn Each One

Each card shows one compound vowel. Click to reveal how it's formed, how it sounds, and the closest English equivalent.

👆 Click any card to reveal its sound and formation

아 + 이 ae Like "e" in bed. Short and open. Similar to 에 — in modern Korean many speakers say them the same. 아 + 이
어 + 이 e Like "e" in bed — slightly more closed than 애. Younger Koreans often pronounce 애 and 에 identically. 어 + 이
오 + 이 oe / we Historically "oe" (like German ö), but today most Koreans say it like "we" as in "wet". 오 + 이
우 + 이 wi Like "wi" in "week" — say it quickly, lips forward then spread. Close to English "we". 우 + 이
으 + 이 ui / i Tricky — at the start of a word it's "ui". After a consonant it becomes just "i". As a grammar particle it sounds like "e". 으 + 이 · 3 sounds
💡 애 vs 에 — don't stress the difference In textbooks these are listed as two distinct vowels. In real spoken Korean today, most people — especially those under 50 — pronounce them identically. Focus on recognising both in writing. Your ears will naturally tune into any subtle difference with more listening exposure.

Where does the shape come from?

Each compound vowel inherits its shape from its two parent vowels. Look at the visual — you can see the base vowel stroke plus the extra line that represents 이.

Formation 1
+ =
a + i → ae The right stroke of 아 gets a small extra line added — that line is 이's contribution.
Formation 2
+ =
eo + i → e Same idea — 어 with an extra vertical stroke on the right side.
Formation 3
+ =
o + i → oe 오 (horizontal vowel) with a vertical 이 stroke attached to the right.
Formation 4
+ =
u + i → wi 우 with a vertical 이 stroke added — you can see both shapes in the combined character.
Formation 5
+ =
eu + i → ui 으 (horizontal) with 이 (vertical) underneath — the most complex shape of the five.

Compound vowels in syllable blocks

These vowels slot into the same block shapes you learned in Lesson 4. 애 에 외 위 의 are all vertical-style vowels — so the consonant goes to the left, and the compound vowel goes to the right.

👆 Click to reveal romanization

gae
ne
se
me
bae
dwae
wi
dwi
ui
oe
ae
e
Block rule reminder: 애 에 외 위 의 all behave like vertical vowels (like 아 이 어). That means the consonant sits to their left inside the block: 개 네 세 배. If a final consonant (받침) is needed, it goes underneath both — learned fully in Lesson 8.

단어 — Words Using Today's Vowels

Each word contains at least one of today's compound vowels (shown in indigo). Read the Korean aloud before tapping to reveal.

👆 Read aloud first, then tap to reveal

tap to reveal
gae dog ㄱ + 애 · one syllable
tap to reveal
ne yes (formal) ㄴ + 에 · one syllable
tap to reveal
na-ui → "nae" my / mine 의 as possessive particle sounds like 에
tap to reveal
bae belly / pear / boat ㅂ + 애 · context tells meaning
tap to reveal
wi above / up / stomach ㅇ + 위 · position word
tap to reveal
se-sang world / society ㅅ + 에 · ㅅ+아+ㅇ
tap to reveal
ga-wi scissors ㄱ+아 · ㅇ+위
tap to reveal
ji-hye wisdom ㅈ+이 · ㅎ+에
tap to reveal
han-oe Korean language (formal) ㅎ+아+ㄴ · ㅇ+외
tap to reveal
u-ae friendship / brotherly love ㅇ+우 · ㅇ+애

쓰기 연습 — Trace the Compound Vowels

Write each vowel alone first, then in a syllable block. Pay attention to how each compound vowel shape relates to its two parents.

아 + 이
어 + 이
오 + 이
우 + 이
으 + 이

🌏 Cultural Note

Why Korean Addresses Go Biggest to Smallest

When Koreans write an address, they start with the country, then the city, then the district, then the street, and finally the building number — the exact opposite of Western convention. This reflects a broader cultural tendency to place the group or whole before the individual or part. You'll notice a similar pattern in Korean names (family name first, given name second) and in sentences (time and location come before the verb). Learning Korean is partly learning a different way of organising information — and compound vowels like 의 (the possessive particle that links "X's Y") are your first tiny glimpse of that logic in action.

📚 Lesson 6 Homework

Before Lesson 7…

1

Write all five compound vowels from memory — 애 에 외 위 의 — with their romanization and parent vowels beside each. No peeking.

2

Combine each of today's 5 vowels with 5 different consonants and write the resulting syllables. That's 25 new syllable blocks — work through them in your notebook.

3

Add today's 10 vocabulary words to your flashcard deck. Pay special attention to (dog), (yes), and (above) — these appear constantly in everyday Korean.

4

Practice the sound switch: say 나의 (na-ui) three times slowly, then say it at natural speed — notice how it collapses to 내 (nae). This is something every Korean learner notices and remembers.

5

Review all flashcards from Lessons 1–5. Lesson 7 introduces the final four compound vowels (와 워 왜 웨) — arriving with the first five fresh in memory makes comparison easy.